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Peroxide. In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R, where the R's represent any element and O's are single oxygen molecules. [1] [2] Oxygens are joined to each other and to adjacent elements through single covalent bonds, denoted by dashes or lines. The O−O group in a peroxide is often called the ...
When H2O2 acts as a reducing agent, oxygen gas is also produced. For example, hydrogen peroxide will reduce sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate, which is a convenient method for preparing oxygen in the laboratory: NaOCl + H2O2 → O2 + NaCl + H2O. 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2O2 → 2 MnO2 + 2 KOH + 2 H2O + 3 O2.
Examples of organic peroxides. tert -Butyl hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide (formula: ROOH), which is used to epoxide alkenes. Dicumyl peroxide, a dialkyl peroxide (formula: ROOR), which is used to initiate polymerizations. tert -butylperoxybenzoate, a peroxy ester (formula: RCO3R') that used as a radical initiator.
Reactions with aldehydes and ketones yield a series of compounds depending on conditions. Specific reactions include addition of hydrogen peroxide across the C=O double bond: R2C=O + H2O2 → R2C (OH)OOH. In some cases, these hydroperoxides convert to give cyclic diperoxides: [R2C (O2H)]2O2 → [R2C]2(O2)2 + 2 H2O.
A peroxy acid (often spelled as one word, peroxyacid, and sometimes called peracid) is an acid which contains an acidic –OOH group. The two main classes are those derived from conventional mineral acids, especially sulfuric acid, and the peroxy derivatives of organic carboxylic acids. They are generally strong oxidizers .
A closely related mixture, sometimes called "base piranha", is a 3:1 mixture of ammonia solution ([NH 4]OH, or NH 3 (aq)) with hydrogen peroxide. As hydrogen peroxide is less stable at high pH than under acidic conditions, [NH 4]OH (pH c. 11.6) also accelerates its decomposition.
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C 6 H 5 −C(=O)O−) 2, often abbreviated as (BzO) 2. In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl ( C 6 H 5 −C(=O)− , Bz) groups connected by a peroxide ( −O−O− ).
Main group peroxides are peroxide derivatives of the main group elements. Many compounds of the main group elements form peroxides, and a few are of commercial significance. Examples. With thousands of tons/year being produced annually, the peroxydisulfates, S 2 O 2− 8, are preeminent members of this class.
Acetone peroxide (/ æ s ə ˈ t ə ʊ n p ɛr ˈ ɒ k s aɪ d / ⓘ also called APEX and mother of Satan) is an organic peroxide and a primary explosive. It is produced by the reaction of acetone and hydrogen peroxide to yield a mixture of linear monomer and cyclic dimer, trimer, and tetramer forms. The monomer is dimethyldioxirane.
Calcium peroxide. Chlorine peroxide. Chromium (VI) oxide peroxide. Copper peroxide.